Correlation between Prostate Cancer Positive Cores and 68Ga-PSMA Distribution in Prostate Gland.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of our study was to evaluate reliability of 68Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (68Ga-PSMA PET/CT) and identify appropriate SUVmax cutoff values in order to use for diagnosis, especially in patients remained clinically suspicious for prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: Eighty-four patients applied 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT subsequent to transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-bx) involved in this study retrospectively. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imagings were analyzed by a nuclear medicine physician, and region of interests were drawn manually in prostate diagrams including 6 segments for each patient. These marked diagrams were analyzed with histopathology reports TRUS-bx. 504 segments were grouped with Gleason scoring system, and all groups were compared with mean SUVmax values. RESULTS: Mean SUVmax value of Gleason grade group 1 (GG1, n: 352 segments) was 6.6 (±4.6) and significantly lower than the other groups (p < 0.001). No significant difference was detected within GG2-5 groups (p > 0.05). According to receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, SUVmax cutoff values were 1.0 (AUC: 0.961) for tumor detection, yielding a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of 99.4%, 92.1%, 96.5%, 98%, respectively, and 4.2 (AUC: 0.853) for detection of clinically significant PCa with 88.8%, 62.4%, 84.5%, and 71%, respectively. Although tumor percentage of biopsy core and Gleason group were correlated with SUVmax uptake, but patient age was not. CONCLUSION: 68Ga-PSMA PET appears to be a reliable option for diagnosis and disease management in PCa and can be considered especially in discrimination of csPCa, and patients remained suspicious for disease.

Epidemiological characteristics of different types of adult acne in Turkey: a prospective, controlled, multicenter study.

INTRODUCTION: Acne occurring in adults over the age of 25 years is known as acne tarda or adult acne. Three types of adult acne are recognized: persistent, late-onset, and recurrent acne. Most studies do not compare the characteristics between the three variants. In addition, little is known about adult acne in males. This study describes the epidemiological factors of adult acne and investigates certain triggering factors by sex and different types of adult acne. METHODS: A multicenter, prospective, descriptive study was conducted. Patients with adult acne and an acne-free control group were compared regarding medical history, family history, smoking and drinking habits, and dietary factors. In addition, triggering and prognostic factors were investigated by sex and three different types of acne: persistent, late-onset, and recurrent acne. RESULTS: The participants included 944 (88.56%) female and 122 (11.44%) male patients with adult acne, and 709 (73.85%) female and 251 (26.15%) male control patients. The consumption of crackers, chocolate, and pasta was significantly more common in the acne group than in the control group (p = 0.017, 0.002, and 0.040, respectively). Male patients with adult acne had a significantly longer disease duration than female patients with adult acne (p = 0.024). The most common type of acne was recurrent acne, followed by persistent and late-onset acne. Among patients with persistent acne, 14.5% had polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), whereas 12.2% of patients with recurrent acne and 11.1% of patients with late-onset acne had PCOS. Severe acne was more common in the persistent acne type (28.13%). The cheek (59.90%) was the most common involvement area, and stress (55.23%) was the most common triggering factor regardless of sex. CONCLUSIONS: Although adult female and male patents with adult acne share similar triggering factors, the involvement areas can differ, which may indicate the additional hormonal etiology of female adult acne. Further epidemiological studies on adult acne in both sexes may illuminate the pathogenesis of the disease, thus making possible the development of new treatment strategies.

Adult acne versus adolescent acne: a narrative review with a focus on epidemiology to treatment

Abstract Acne vulgaris is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases and is characterized by papules, pustules, comedones, and nodules. Although adolescence is the preferential age group, acne may affect various age groups. Acne shares different properties in adults and adolescents. These differences extend from epidemiology to treatments. Increased awareness of these two subtypes will allow for better management of the disease. In this review, the authors examined all aspects of acne in adults and adolescents under the light of current literature.

The effect of COVID-19 on development of hair and nail disorders: a Turkish multicenter, controlled study.

BACKGROUND: A broad spectrum of skin diseases, including hair and nails, can be directly or indirectly triggered by COVID-19. It is aimed to examine the type and frequency of hair and nail disorders after COVID-19 infection. METHODS: This is a multicenter study conducted on consecutive 2171 post-COVID-19 patients. Patients who developed hair and nail disorders and did not develop hair and nail disorders were recruited as subject and control groups. The type and frequency of hair and nail disorders were examined. RESULTS: The rate of the previous admission in hospital due to COVID-19 was statistically significantly more common in patients who developed hair loss after getting infected with COVID-19 (P < 0.001). Telogen effluvium (85%) was the most common hair loss type followed by worsening of androgenetic alopecia (7%) after COVID-19 infection. The mean stress scores during and after getting infected with COVID-19 were 6.88 ± 2.77 and 3.64 ± 3.04, respectively, in the hair loss group and were 5.77 ± 3.18 and 2.81 ± 2.84, respectively, in the control group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). The frequency of recurrent COVID-19 was statistically significantly higher in men with severe androgenetic alopecia (Grades 4-7 HNS) (P = 0.012; Odds ratio: 2.931 [1.222-7.027]). The most common nail disorders were leukonychia, onycholysis, Beau's lines, onychomadesis, and onychoschisis, respectively. The symptoms of COVID-19 were statistically significantly more common in patients having nail disorders after getting infected with COVID-19 when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The development of both nail and hair disorders after COVID-19 seems to be related to a history of severe COVID-19.

Adult acne versus adolescent acne: a narrative review with a focus on epidemiology to treatment.

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases and is characterized by papules, pustules, comedones, and nodules. Although adolescence is the preferential age group, acne may affect various age groups. Acne shares different properties in adults and adolescents. These differences extend from epidemiology to treatments. Increased awareness of these two subtypes will allow for better management of the disease. In this review, the authors examined all aspects of acne in adults and adolescents under the light of current literature.

Does STING failure affect short-term graft functions in renal transplant patients: a single-center study.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate outcomes of symptomatic VUR treatment in transplant patients, compare open and endoscopic approaches in terms of graft functions, success rates, complications and recurrent UTIs. METHODS: 67 patients who undergone only STING and STING followed redo UNC due to symptomatic VUR after kidney transplantation were included into the investigation. Patients who had lower urinary tract dysfunctions were excluded from the trial. For 67 patients, baseline and before final surgery and 3rd month creatinine and GFR levels were recorded. Twenty-six of those 67 patients had redo UNC due to failed STING. The data of those patients were compared with the remaining 41 patients who had only STING. RESULTS: In both groups no statistically significant variations in serum creatinine and GFR levels were detected during follow-up (p > 0.05). Serum levels after STING and in the 3rd month of redo UNC were compared. Although variation was observed in serum creatinine levels and in GFR levels, was not statistically significant (p: 0.59 and p: 0.23). The success rate of STING was %61.1 in 67 patients, and was not significantly different when three VUR grade groups (Grade 3 n:17, Grade 4 n:24, Grade 5 n:36) were compared (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that subureteral endoscopic injection is cost effective and safe for the first-line treatment due to its minimally invasive nature, does not cause delay which leads to deterioration of graft functions. Redo-UNC has acceptable morbidity and complication rates, should be considered when STING is failed.

Skin manifestations following anti-COVID-19 vaccination: A multicentricstudy from Turkey.

PURPOSE: After the emergence of the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus, vaccination with various vaccines has started to be implemented across the world. To identify dermatological reactions developing after the COVID-19 vaccines administered in Turkey and determine their clinical features and risk factors that may play a role in their development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included patients aged ≥18 years, who presented to 13 different dermatology clinics in Turkey between July 2021 and September 2021 after developing dermatological reactions following the administration of the COVID-19 vaccine. After providing written consent, the patients were asked to complete a standard survey including questions related to age, gender, occupation, comorbidities, the regular medication used, the onset of cutaneous reactions after vaccination, and localization of reactions. Dermatological reactions were categorized according to whether they developed after the first or second dose of the vaccine or whether they occurred after the inactivated or messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine. The relationship between dermatological reactions and some variables such as gender and comorbidities was also evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 269 patients [116 women (43.1%), 153 men (56.9%)] were included in the study. It was observed that the dermatological diseases and reactions that most frequently developed after vaccination were urticaria (25.7%), herpes zoster (24.9%), maculopapular eruption (12.3%), and pityriasis rosea (4.5%). The rate of dermatological reactions was 60.6% after the administration of the mRNA vaccine and 39.4% after that of the inactivated vaccine. There was a statistically significantly higher number of reactions among the patients that received the mRNA vaccine (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The most common reactions in our sample were urticaria, herpes zoster, and maculopapular eruption. Physicians should know the dermatological side effects of COVID-19 vaccines and their clinical features.

A comprehensive investigation of human endogenous retroviral syncytin proteins and their receptors in men with normozoospermia and impaired semen quality.

PURPOSE: The study aims to investigate first the presence of Syncytin 2 and its receptor, MFSD2, in human sperm, and second whether the expressions of Syncytin 1, Syncytin 2, and their receptors, SLC1A5 and MFSD2, differ between normozoospermic, asthenozoospermic, oligozoospermic, and oligoasthenozoospermic human sperm samples. METHODS: The localization patterns and expression levels of syncytins and their receptors were evaluated in normozoospermic (concentration = 88.9 ± 5.5 × 106, motility = 79.2 ± 3.15%, n = 30), asthenozoospermic (concentration = 51.7 ± 7.18 × 106, motility = 24.0 ± 3.12%, n = 15), mild oligozoospermic (concentration = 13.5 ± 2.17 × 106, motility = 72.1 ± 6.5%, n = 15), moderate oligozoospermic (concentration = 8.4 ± 3.21 × 106, motility = 65.1 ± 8.9%, n = 15), severe oligozoospermic (concentration = 2.1 ± 1.01 × 106, motility = 67.5 ± 3.2%, n = 15), and oligoasthenozoospermic (concentration = 5.5 ± 3.21 × 106, motility = 18.5 ± 1.2%, n = 15) samples by immunofluorescence staining and western blot. RESULTS: Syncytins and their receptors visualized by immunofluorescence showed similar staining patterns with slight staining of the tail in all spermatozoa regardless of normozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, oligozoospermia, or oligoasthenozoospermia. The localization patterns were categorized as equatorial segment, midpiece region, acrosome, and post-acrosomal areas. The combined staining patterns were also detected as acrosomal cap plus post acrosomal region, the midpiece plus equatorial segment, and midpiece plus acrosomal region. However, some sperm cells were categorized as non-stained. Both syncytin proteins were most intensely localized in the midpiece region, while their receptors were predominantly present in the midpiece plus acrosomal region. Conspicuously, syncytins and their receptors showed decreased expression in asthenozospermic, oligozoospermic, and oligoasthenozoospermic samples compared to normozoospermic samples. CONCLUSION: The expression patterns of HERV-derived syncytins and their receptors were identical regardless of the spermatozoa in men with normozoospermia versus impaired semen quality. Further, asthenozoospermia, oligozoospermia, and oligoasthenozoospermia as male fertility issues are associated with decreased expression of both syncytins and their receptors.

Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Patients with Acne Vulgaris and Factors Perceived to Trigger the Disease: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study with 1571 Patients.

Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) is among the common skin diseases for which patients refer to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Aims and Objectives: To investigate the approaches to CAM methods and factors believed to increase the disease in 1,571 AV patients. Materials and Methods: The sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and disease severity according to the Food and Drug Administration criteria were recorded. The Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) was used to assess the impact of acne on the patient's life and the history of CAM use was noted. The patients also listed the factors that they thought worsened their disease and reported their gluten-free diet experiences. Results: Of all the patients, 74.41% had a history of using CAM methods. CAM use was significantly higher in women, patients with severe AV, those with a higher CADI score and non-smokers. As a CAM method, 66.37% of the patients reported having used lemon juice. The respondents most frequently applied CAM methods before consulting a physician (43.94%), for a duration of 0-2 weeks (38.97%). They learned about CAM methods on the internet (56.24%) and considered CAM methods to be natural (41.86%). The patients thought that food (78.55%) and stress (17.06%) worsened their disease. They considered that the most common type of food that exacerbated their symptoms was junk food (63.84%) and a gluten-free diet did not provide any benefit in relieving AV (50%). Conclusion: Physicians need to ask patients about their CAM use in order to be able to guide them appropriately concerning treatments and applications with a high level of evidence.

The change in the frequency and severity of facial dermatoses and complaints in healthcare workers during the COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a dramatic increase in the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). However, the increased use of PPEs may lead to facial skin complaints. AIMS: This survey study aims to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on facial dermatoses and complaints. METHODS: A total of 1017 volunteers (age 18-60 years), consisting of healthcare workers, participated in the study. In the present study, healthcare professionals were screened for facial dermatoses and complaints between 1 and 15 April 2021 with an online survey. RESULTS: The vast majority of the survey were women (82.4%) and between 26 and 35 years old (49.2%). The most new-onset facial complaints were acne (25.3%) and lip dryness (29.2%). Along with the pandemic, 50.9% of patients with seborrheic dermatitis had an increase in lesions. Another remarkable result was a 60.5% increase in acne complaints. Moreover, the rate of exacerbations of rosacea, melasma, and lip dryness was increased after the COVID-19 pandemic (39.1%, 22.0%, and 42.7%, respectively). Exacerbations of seborrheic dermatitis, acne, and lip dryness have occurred more frequently in females when compared to males (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The current pandemic has had serious impacts on facial dermatoses which had to be managed carefully. Compared to the pre-pandemic period, there was a significant increase in the frequency and severity of complaints in facial dermatoses related to PPE. If the complaints that may develop due to PPE are known in advance, their development can be prevented by taking precautions against them.

Acute localized exanthematous pustulosis because of cefixime in a child: case report and review of pediatric cases.

BACKGROUND: Acute localized exanthematous pustulosis (ALEP), a localized variant of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, is characterized by pin-sized, non-follicular, sterile pustules that typically appear on the face, neck, and chest. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this report is to describe a case of ALEP in an 11-year-old girl because of cefixime and the etiological factors and clinical presentation of ALEP in pediatric group. METHODS: We described a case of ALEP in an 11-year-old girl because of cefixime; a systematic review of the literature was performed to identify the etiological factors and clinical presentation of ALEP in children. RESULTS: We identified eight pediatric cases with ALEP. The causative agent was an herbal product in six cases, and pustular eruption was located on the face. In two cases, responsible agents were drugs (lamotrigine and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid). The eruptions were localized on the penis and extremities, respectively. CONCLUSION: ALEP is very rare in the pediatric age group, and topical/systemic drugs or herbal products may be involved in the etiology.

Cutaneous and Allergic reactions due to COVID-19 vaccinations: A review.

INTRODUCTION: The pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had an unprecedented impact on the overall health and the global economy. Vaccination is currently the most dependable strategy to end the pandemic, despite the slower-than-hoped-for rollout, particularly for low-to-middle-income countries, and the uncertain duration of protection afforded by vaccination. The spike protein of the virus (immunodominant antigen of the virus) is the main target of the approved and candidate SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. This protein binds to the ACE2 receptor of the host cell, initiating the entry of the virus into the cell and the chain of subsequent events ending to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. The safety profile of these vaccines needs is closely assessed. METHODS: This comprehensive review includes searching the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases using the keywords "coronavirus", "COVID-19", "vaccine", "cutaneous reactions", "allergic reactions", and "SARS-CoV-2". Manual searching of reference lists of included articles augmented the research. The research was updated in June 2021. RESULTS: In this narrative review, we tried to investigate and discuss the cutaneous and allergic reactions related to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines currently available in the literature. As a result, although COVID-19 vaccines can be reported to develop allergic and anaphylactic reactions, especially after m-RNA vaccines, they remain at a low rate, and it is observed that these reactions may develop more frequently, especially in patients with previous allergies and mast cell disorders. Fortunately, these reactions are generally transient, benign, self-limited. CONCLUSION: Although there is still no definitive evidence, as dermatologists, we must be aware of the possibility of cutaneous reactions, newly diagnosed dermatoses, or exacerbation of existing dermatoses that may develop after the COVID-19 vaccinations.

Survival of biological therapeutics in psoriasis: retrospective analysis of 3-years data in a Turkish registry, PSORTAKSIS.

BACKGROUND: TPSORTAKSIS is a psoriasis registry, which is used for follow-up of patients in Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital, Dermatology Clinic since 2016 in Turkey. PSORTAKSIS includes demographic data, follow-up clinical findings, laboratory output, and treatment information of patients. Here, drug survivals of biologic therapeutics (BT) according to three-year data of PSORTAKSIS will be presented. METHODS: Drug survival of BT in PSORTAKSIS was analyzed from 2016 to March 2019. RESULTS: 158 patients (111 of them BT-naive) with psoriasis under BT were enrolled in the current study. Drug survival analysis of patients with ongoing BT (158 treatment periods) revealed mean survival time as 15.49 months for ustekinumab, 15.37 months for adalimumab, 14.00 months for etanercept, 5 months for infliximab, and 4.59 months for secukinumab. The differences between drug survivals of BT were statistically significant (log-rank test, χ2 = 79.915, p < 0.0001).

Rates of skincare product and cosmetic procedure use in patients with acne vulgaris and the effective factors: A multicenter study with 1,755 patients.

BACKGROUND: Skincare products and cosmetic procedures are used as an adjunct or complementary to conventional drug therapy for acne vulgaris (AV). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of skincare products and the frequency of cosmetic procedures in AV treatment. METHODS: A total of 1,755 patients with AV completed the survey prepared by the researchers and the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) questionnaire. The clinical findings and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) severity scores were recorded by the dermatologists. RESULTS: For AV, 66.7% of the patients stated that they used skincare products and 26.7% had undergone cosmetic procedures. The use of skincare products was statistically significantly higher in women (female: 74.5%, male: 57.7%, p < 0.0001); older people (users: 22 ± 7.6years, non-users: 21.2 ± 5.7 years, p < 0.0001); patients with a higher CADI score (users: 7 ± 3.7, non-users: 6.9 ± 4.3, p = 0.010); FDA severity score 2 and 3 (FDA-1: 58.1%; FDA-2: 72.4%, FDA-3: 73%, FDA-4: 67%, p < 0.0001); long-term disease (users: 57 ± 43 months; non-users: 47.7 ± 42.3 months, p < 0.0001); facial involvement (present: 70.2%, absent: 51.4%, p = 0.017); high income levels (users: 73.5%; non-users: 26.5%, p = 0.001); and graduate or post-graduate degrees (undergraduate≤%62.8, graduate≥%76.8, p < 0.0001). The rate of cosmetic procedures was higher in those with higher CADI scores (users: 7.8 ± 3.8; non-users: 7.1 ± 3.96, p < 0.0001); older patients (users: 22.7 ± 10.7 years; non-users: 21.3 ± 5 years, p < 0.0001); high school (25.6%); and graduate (28.9%) education (p = 0.043), those with lower disease severity (FDA-1: 31.1%; FDA-2: 28.5%, FDA-3: 27.1%, FDA-4: 20.4%, p = 0.022); smokers (smokers: 32.5%; non-smokers: 25.5%, p = 0.020), and those with AV in the family (present: 29.8%; absent: 24.2%, p = 0.009). The patients most frequently used cleansers (85.2%) as cosmetic products, and most commonly underwent skincare treatment (71%) as an interventional procedure. They mostly learned about such products and methods from the Internet, and 33.3% of the participants had undergone procedures performed by non-physicians. CONCLUSION: The patients generally choose skincare products as a result of their Internet search and sometimes have these procedures performed by non-physicians. Dermatologists should be aware of this situation and inform their patients about appropriate products and procedures.